Hatch Technological General Knowledge

Following for large-and-middle-scale kind of chicken hatchery's reference, small-scale hatchery needn't imitate totally

　

Design of the hatchery room

一，Hatch the level building arrangement of the room to design。
二，It is a systematic design of regulation of the air 。
These two respects are not separated completely, not at all related. Must make overall plans during the process of designing, that is to say that will consider these two respects as a whole 。
First of all, if should according to your request, come, confirm, purchase type and quantity to hatch apparatus in advance. If scale heavy, egg source steady and sufficient, adopt large-scale to hatch apparatus as selecting best. On the contrary, adopt the medium and small-scale hatch machine. The determination of model and quantity, mean hatching the structural form, area size determination among every function of the room at the same time (certainly should consider the enlargement of the production scale, leave certain expansion space). Because is too small, will cause the space narrow, the production procedure brings the inconvenience after giving, influence production efficiency. Too big, will cause and invest in the unnecessary waste in earlier stage and operate the fee to use high in the future. 。
Should include in the room among the following functions to hatch: Change room, shower cabinet, egg storehouse, stifling room, guards' room, electricity distribution room, hatch room, produce young, wash one, wait while checking young. Every function should with warehousing of breeding eggs, sterilize, preserve, enter and hatch, it is young to produce, wash, the young order is arranged, in order to benefit workflow smoothly and the health epidemic prevention one go on. 。
Should pay special attention to the segregation between dirty district and net district while hatching the room. If set up the median, should be set up and sterilized the pool between every pass way. The establishment of the shower room is very essential, this is often ignored by a lot of producers. The area of the egg storehouse and quantity of breeding eggs should become certain proportions. Should install the ceiling fan additional on hatching the ceiling of the room, the ones that in order to benefit temperature in the room are even. Sterilizing one should add the ventilation fan containing certain wind quantity, guarantee I after sterilizing discharge angrily rapidly 。
Secondly, it is a factor that can't be neglected to hatch the ventilation of the room and design, its design is too rational to have very great influence on the quality of the hatching rate. Hatch room correctly, or waste gas its must discharge drawing room produce young, must have external fresh air enter drawing room and supplement at the same time. If there is many machine quantity, the waste gas that the hatch machine will come out can arrange to the ceiling, discharge collectively by air blower, produce waste gas that young machine come out must exhaust pipeline discharge outdoors directly, can't arrange to the ceiling; If there is less machine quantity, the waste gas that the hatch machine will come out can be arranged the wind pipeline to arrange out directly. 。
While designing and hatching the ventilating system of the room, the waste gas discharged while considering that it is young to hatch one and appear can't be sucked and hatched in the room, especially can't be sucked to go out of the waste gas discharged in young room in the room to hatching again. The external fresh air is entered and can be smoked into through the air blower, some air can also be entered by the ground window. Can consider installing and cooling the apparatus in summer, in order to reduce the temperature of the high-temperature atmosphere entered released by the external world, but must install heating facilities in indoor winter of northern area in any case, so as to ensure indoor temperature. 。
As to the thing that the body machine of the case hatches the room, if there is less machine quantity, it is 6 meters to consider building the span of room, so can transform with the old factory building, but can only put a row of machines; If there is more machine quantity, it is 9 meters, in this way more economic to consider building the span of room, can put two rows of machines; If the machine is very large in quantity, it is still 9 meters to propose building the span of room, but should build a lot of and hatch the room, the middle separate with wallboard, we recommend same drawing room put two more than machine, because are all unfavorable for ventilating and controlling the temperature in summer like this. 

It is that the construction of the large and medium-sized hatchery consults to be introduced above. If is the hatching amount on small-scale hatchery of under several ten thousand, should utilize the existing house owed by a citizen and can be used while repacking
　

Maintenance and use of the hatch machine

一、Safeguard the content every week
      1．Check water a water level of humidification。
      2．Sealed state of the inspection door 。
      3    Check and ventilate and arrange the wind situation。
      4  Clear up the air door and rotate fine hair and other incidentals on the guide screw, in case too seized to rotate 。
      5 ．  With the half-dried rag polishing machine case and switch board outside; Offer each batch of young machine to wash water basin of humidification 。 Clear up the fine hair in the top of machine 。
二、Safeguard the content per month
        1 ．Check fan, humidification, look through egg roller chain intact 。
        2 ．Check the heating function 。
        3 ．Check the warning function of the ultra-temperature 。
        4 ．Check, look through egg function normal。
        5 ．Wash and sterilize the apparatus completely 。
        6 ．Wash machine, water basin of humidification and humidification and steam offer after hatching each batch 。  
三、 Safeguard the content every three months
        1 ．clean probe。
        2 ．Regulate temperature, humidity 。
        3 ．The bearing of the fan should add butter once。
        4 ．Will turn over the egg worm gear to wash with the oil, lubricate with the butter 。
        5 ．Guide screw and slipping to move to cooperate with the position to add the butter of the air door organization 。
        6 ．Humidification, turning over the egg decelerator to change engine oil once。
        7 ．Check the control function of every system in an all-round way 。
四、Machine maintenance when not needing for a long time
Before the machine is laid aside and does not need for a long time, must start the machine and intensify and dry the machine, put and only dry water in water basin of humidification, after each position of operating should be cleaned, protect so as not to get rusty with the butter. This is important in ten. You decided not to use some machine, but did not safeguard maintaining it according to method described above, then when you want to reuse it next time, it can there will be many troubles perhaps, it is unable to work 。  
五、Use attentive matters
        1 ．Hatch it in the operation course of the apparatus, should pay attention to observing the working state of the machine, observe once every 1 - 2 hours, do a god job in the record, find the unusual situation is dealt with in time. Especially notice form temperature of the door and machine revealing whether the difference of temperature has greater changes, changing will regulate on request in time 。
         2 ．Throttle lever is very important, should check frequently whether it is suitable to establish the position, is the real position identical 。
         3 ．Observation look through egg situation, egg record slope position replace in about two 。
         4 ．The egg one must go on on the horizontal level to push while pulling out 。
         5 ．Hatch and meets in the course while losing electrical power, should close the " total power " switch of the machine, turn on the machine and work normally after the electricity when coming. While using the generating set to supply power, should notice stability to output voltage it and observe to rotate direction getting correct each electrical machinery; The machine should hatch the gate to open when not operating while losing electrical power 。
         6 During 24 hours - 96 hours after hatching beginning, the chick is pecking and forbidding sterilizing during the shell stiflingly with the formalin. Disinfectant of some market sales pops one's head and corrodes the humidity, can't use in the hatch machine 。
         7 ．Please read and operate the manual carefully and according to carrying out 。

　

一、The breeding eggs are managed  

1．1The management of the breeding eggs should begin from planting chicken's field
   Kind of chicken's playground should collect the breeding eggs in time, generally propose collecting for four times every day, in order to reduce the pollution and damage. Should sterilize to raise administrators stiflingly in time, then send the breeding eggs to the egg storehouse immediately. Prevent the breeding eggs from being tanned by the sun, caught in the rain in course in summer to give the egg, prevent frostbite in winter 。

1．2The storage conditions and time of 2 breeding eggs
   The temperature of storage of the breeding eggs generally keeps at ℃13 - 20 ℃ range, the humidity must be more than 70%. As to young chicken's early breeding eggs produced, its is small, the eggshell is thick, the albumen is thick, it is better to store time a bit longer. And the breeding eggs to middle period, the size is suitable, eggshell thickness, albumen, etc. are all the best, it should be a bit shorter to store time. The breeding eggs to later stage, the breeding eggs are big, the eggshell is thin, the albumen is rare, time should be a little shorter that store. The table below proposes storing terms and time. If because hatch the need that is produced and lengthen and store time, storing temperature should be lowered correspondingly, holding time should seldom exceed one week, otherwise the hatching rate obviously drops, the shelf life of breeding eggs went beyond the value not almost hatched after 15 days 。

The breeding eggs store condition and time

　

Breeding chickens for age of week	Temperature	Humidity	Time
25-35weeks	18℃	70%以上	4-6
36-50weeks			2-4
After51weeks			1-3

　

Act as and store time for over 7 days, generally store temperature at 13-15 ℃ 。

1． The choices and sterilizing of 3 breeding eggs

（1Pollution egg, broken shell egg, crackle egg must reject, can form bad smell to produce egg and other breeding eggs of pollution in the course of hatching, lose more than gain 。
（2）Reject thin shell egg, sand lime-preserved egg and odd-shaped egg, the eggshell thickness of breeding eggs is the best about 0.32mm 。
（3）It should be in 50-65g that the general chicken's breeding eggs egg is heavy, the egg shape index of the breeding eggs is in 72-76%。
（4）The breeding eggs are put in conformity with the major part upwards while hatching the egg plate. Kinds of chicken produce breeding eggs take, distinguish, come, treat respectively while storing and hatching to different will it be age week, in order to get the best achievement of hatching 。
（5）The work of sterilizing of the breeding eggs is very important, after sterilizing in once of chicken coop, sterilize for the second time after the hatchery sorts personnel to select the egg, sterilize, push the egg storehouse to preserve. Breeding eggs put out, enter hatch, going on for the third time sterilizing in the storehouse by egg, so as to ensure, hatch course the breeding eggs will not be polluted by the bacterium. The disinfecting method is mainly a stifling law of formaldehyde at the present stage of our country, too i.e. with stifling (42ml formalin add 21 grams / M3 potassium permanganate) stifling 20 minutes for density of 3 times, stifling temperature, at above ℃20, the humidity is 60-80% RH, finish stiflingly, remove the stifling container immediately, open and arrange the wind air blower and arrange and sterilize the gas to the limit. It is carry on not disinfecting about breeding eggs law not to is it getting more useful too to spray, such as using new to kill spray cleanly for 1:1000 or by 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, pass oxygen have the sour in second and on the season in 175ppm amine go on spray for 0.5% times; Disinfectant should be covered with the breeding eggs surface while spraying. 。
（6）Egg storehouse must with sterilize medicinal solution (new to put out medicinal solution while being getting clean like 1:1000) with water. The breeding eggs must so as to ensure from 30 centimeters of walls when put in the egg storehouse temperature is even
（7）Stifling should set up it by the egg storehouse to sterilize one, the volume while sterilizing, in order to be slightly greater than the each time disinfecting largest egg amount volume, reserve and sterilize putting the space of the device. Must set up the ventilation fan while sterilizing one, per cubic meter of space its ventilation fan's flow is greater than 20m3 / divide, in order to pump the body of net smoked vapour fast。

　

二Temperature, the humidity is controlled

2．1Temperature is established

Temperature is to hatch the most basic condition artificially, the settlement of temperature should depend on need of embryo's development, because it plant it is the of working mechanism in apparatus in the the differences of the varieties, hatchings in chicken with and changes of terms environmental, hatch and use warmly and variously, but basically change between ℃37.2 - 38.5 ℃(have materials to maintain that hatch and use the change at 37.80 ℃0.1 ℃ of ± warmly, we think it a bit conservative, hatch and can not reach the best result like this). A large number of practices prove, in hatch and producing, it is obviously superior to hatching at constant temperature becoming warm and hatching the result, this is because become warm and hatch the need most suitable for embryo's development 。
Hatch for changing warmly, low after being high before their temperature is established all, when the ambient temperature is 22 ℃- about 27 ℃, propose, enter, hatch, become warm best temperature that hatch by the gross: It is 38.00 ℃in 1-3 days, it is 37.90 ℃in 4-7 days, 8 --It is 37.80 ℃in 12 days, it is 37.70 ℃in 13-15 days, is 37.60 ℃in 16-18 days, it is 37.00-37.20 ℃ to happen young。
And while hatching at constant temperature, is 37.80 ℃ that temperature is established for 20-27 ℃condition in the ambient temperature. Young temperature happens to establish it at 37.20 ℃.
Described above temperature establish scheme only one applicable principle generally, adjust while establishing actually with conditions, how many questions should pay attention to while adjusting following ：

（1）The inspection hypothesis temperature is whether appropriate, whether can answer the purpose the best means observe the embryonic development situation, that is to say that sees the fetus to construct warmly.
（2）Must adjust the temperature of hatching under different seasons and different ambient temperature, in general, the ambient temperature is every 2 ℃ high or low, establishing temperature will reduce or add 0.1 ℃ soon. 。
（3）Kinds of chicken produce breeding eggs their hatch need warm, the humidity will have differences to different will it be age week, so enter it while hatching, had better enter the same breeding eggs in the same hatch machine, would just make the hatching temperature of producing breeding eggs that one kind of chickens produced and improve about 0.1 ℃ 。
（4） Hatching want the display temperature to the apparatus regularly in the course, the door form (generally a standard thermometer) goes on than to regulating, guarantee that it is warm and accurate to use 。
（5）Unless as to large-scale for chicken farm, it is produce it had better use by tunnel not to hatch, and to in hatch it produces that case is getting more suitable in body on a small scale, can also organize hatching by the way of entering hatching in batches while having body machine of many cases. Among the manual to hatch apparatus, offer amount of egg held 25200 more than case body machine hatch the scheme in batches. Adopt and enter two trucks of methods and enter hatching to 19200 or 16800 case body machines which hold egg quantity in batches every 10 days, even if adopt and hatch and construct the warm scheme at constant temperature, can obtain very good hatching achievement. And can achieve the goal of saving the electric energy to reduce the producing cost. Attention: Should be by filling the egg car of one of empty egg with packing all the time if not going to the egg parking stall of the egg, otherwise the temperature field in the will influence machine.

（6）The breeding eggs are warm in advance

After the breeding eggs are put out from the environment of the storehouse low temperature of egg, should not enter and hatch immediately, to entering the hatching way hatched in batches, it is especially important, enter the cold egg hatched and destroy the stability of the egg environment temperature of embryo directly, and the high humid air of high temperature in the hatch machine will congeal and form the small drop of water on the cold egg, make it " sweat ", bring the possibility of pollution 。

It is generally about 6-8 hours that the breeding eggs preheat time, it is 24-26 ℃ to preheat temperature, has not preheated the producer of the area particularly, can preheat in hatching the drawing room too. Must control the environmental humidity well while preheating, don't let the breeding eggs " sweat "。

The table below does not " sweat " for the breeding eggs the environmental humidity is checked and calculated and expressed 。

　

	22℃	23℃	24℃	25℃	26℃	27℃	28℃	29℃	30℃
15℃	65	61	57	54	51	48	45	43	40
16℃	69	65	61	57	54	51	48	45	43
17℃	73	69	65	61	58	54	51	49	46
18℃	78	74	69	65	61	58	55	52	49
19℃	83	78	74	69	65	62	58	55	52
20℃	88	83	79	74	69	65	62	58	55

　

Note: Td stores the temperature (℃) for the breeding eggs The temperature of the dry bulb is the ambient temperature

　

2．2The humidity is controlled
The ones that hatched the function of the humidity in the course and lay in regulating moisture in the breeding eggs are lost, control the weightlessness of breeding eggs, in order to guarantee embryo's good development and normal air exchange (discharge of CO2 and the sucking of O2); Keep the appropriate humidity making the air have good heat conductivity in the hatch machine too, favorable to the exchange of heat. Practice has already proved embryos wider to the accommodation of the humidity, not as strict as temperature, the weightless rate in hatching of 1-19 days of breeding eggs is up to 11.5% - 13% and can get the high-quality chick both

When can keep to hatch the indoor humidity in 50-60% RH, hatch course humidity establish in 55-60% can guarantee breeding eggs there is reasonable weightlessness lost. If the environmental humidity becomes low or becomes high, establish the humidity to improve or become low accordingly. As to just making and produced the breeding eggs that one kind of chickens produced and was close to eliminating the breeding eggs that one kind of chickens produced from hatching the humidity and establish a bit more low, it is lost to in order to benefit the moisture content. Should be high not low, can't be lower than under 65% RH since the dawn of just rule that the humidity of the young machine appears, suitable for 70% RH while using actually.

Hatch the apparatus and reveal the measurement result that the humidity is the humidity transducer, this value should be fixed compared with more accurate doing the wet thermometer to check so that value goes on right, if is inconsistent, adjust the accuracy guaranteeing to be measured. Sell alcohol do wet hygrometer precision very bad, had better buy mercury be wet thermometer on the market, if users buy and have any problem, so long as make a phone call to our company, can receive the satisfactory reply 。

三、It is one of the important conditions hatched to turn over eggs

It can make embryo's position change to turn over eggs regularly, is heated in the hatch machine evenly, can prevent embryo's adhesion, promote the development. Materials and practical experience indicate, look through hatching achievement of the egg once per hour or every two hours, without any difference, in order to reduce the mechanical wearing and tearing and save the electric energy, turning over the time of egg had better elect once as for 2 hours, but for tunnel type hatch machine, in order to guarantee the breeding eggs are heated evenly, mostly adopt once for an hour. Needn't turn over eggs 15 days later, but require to the tunnel type hatch machine that mustn't turn over eggs in embryo's development, and keep the egg plate bracket of period of this development flat, help the circulation sum heat of the air current to exchange

Look through egg number of times insufficient or look through egg to be development influence great to embryo, will cause yolk bag glue shell, allantois close up kind, glueing the surplus albumen outside the allantois, the hatching rate drops. Should pay attention to, record easy to look through egg regular movement situation in not using, prevent, look through egg or look through egg to be number of times insufficient.

　

四、Ventilate and take a breath

It is essential for hatching producing to ventilate, this is not often known by people. The small-scale hatchery in a lot of, even the importance to ventilate of administrative staff in some large-scale hatchery is understood insufficiently, the measure taken is improper, bring the damage to production. The ventilated purpose is to offer the fresh, clean air for hatching with the area in the drawing room, discharge dirty air, CO2 and fine hair, etc.. The oxygen content is 21% in the fresh air, CO2 content is 0.04%, this is very suitable to production of hatching. Can be base on the premise that the establishing value is nearby controlled in the warm humidity steadily, try hard, establish, get air door position more, in hatch, want, pay attention to hatch machine ventilate issue of taking a breath even more to 10 day.

How to guarantee good taking a breath?

（1）Hatch the air inflow of drawing room
so the hatch machine breathes  into the fresh air hatching the drawing room, so the entry amount of hatching the fresh air of drawing room must be greater than the necessary greatest air inflow of the hatch machine.

（2）Hatch the exhausting of the drawing room, hatch machine.
It is mainly a hatch machine that the ones that hatch the drawing room exhaust or offer the young machine to exhaust. Hatch machine and produce to exhaust, will certainly have, guide wind pipeline discharge, hatch drawing room and guarantee, can suck, enter, hatch drawing room it young machine. If each hatch machine each gas vent (produce young machine) install single blast pipe discharge outdoors waste gas directly and only one piece direct curved at pipeline, the total length does not exceed 3-4 meters, can not guide the wind air blower, otherwise in addition, guide the wind air blower in order to guarantee that it is abundant to take a breath. Arrange with pipeline many sets of hatch machine waste gas take out, hatch room, each hatch apparatus arrange, guide wind air blower want, choose atmospheric pressure a little bigger air blower, should pay attention to, guarantee pipe diameter to be enough loud.

Besides pointing out specially, blast pipe can't put on in to give vent to anger mouth hatch machine (produce young machine) directly, otherwise influence the temperature profile in the body of case of the hatch machine (offer the young machine) then influence the achievement of hatching. In give vent to anger junction of the mouth should make a horn mouth with hatch machine blast pipe, bottom reason and giving vent to anger in the top edge of the mouth about 5cm apart of the horn mouth. " whether department abundant" fuzzy computer hatch to consider, exhaust question give vent to anger mouthfuls of design, apparatus, to exhaust pipeline may be put on at the gas vent of the hatch machine directly user.

五 Rule and one are young

5．1It can't be too low (about 25 ℃ is better) and paying attention to removing the bad smell egg in time certainly that should pay attention to the ambient temperature in the rule, the precise egg of death, and rule movements want light, steady and never allowing to crack the embryo egg fast, open it evenly after the embryo egg is changed over to the young basket appeared, should put into out in the young car steadily, guarantee, push, offer young machine embryo egg can crowd, to together, otherwise cause heat dissipation inequality and lead to the fact, appear young time different.

Temperature environment that the embryo egg is in always has some differences in the course of hatching, had better vary in order to promote embryo's even development breeding eggs and position that live in of the hatch machine when rule. See and hatch the apparatus manual in working technique.

5．2The rule can sterilize the formalin evaporation 36 hours later, practice has proved that sterilizing with quantity of a time formalin evaporation can reach very good result. The method is: Cash with 14ml/m3 formalin equivalent warm moisture hold among two shallow basin, in stir fan both sides produce young car set a basin free while being the following, control it to just finish evaporating in about 12 hours, then put twice in succession, dismiss from before choosing young. It will make chick's fine hair golden yellow and beautiful and very even to sterilize the method with this kind, and can kill the bacterium existing while crashing effectively, prevent umbilicus inflammation one, and will not cause the respiratory tracts of the chick amazing.

The above-mentioned contents, are only for reference。